Zoekresultaten

Maatwerk en talentontwikkeling als criteria van onderwijskwaliteit

Teacher Feedback during Active Learning

Feedback is one of the most powerful tools teachers can use to enhance student learning. In 2006, the Dutch Inspectorate of Education concluded from classroom observations that it is difficult for Dutch teachers to give their students good feedback in order to stimulate students' learning process and developmental progress. Similar problems were revealed in other school levels and countries, for example in secondary education and in Finland. Giving feedback during active learning may be even more troublesome for teachers. During active learning, students are working in small groups on different learning goals and undertake different learning activities at the same time. They need to achieve task-related goals as well as to develop the meta-cognitive knowledge and skills that are needed for active learning. Yet, teachers often seem unable to provide the feedback that is needed and they do not know how to support the development of meta-cognitive knowledge and skills.Therefore, this research project focused on ways to improve primary school teachers' feedback giving practices during active learning. The central research question is: How can primary school teachers learn to give optimal feedback to pupils during active learning? To answer this question, five studies have been conducted. In the first study, knowledge regarding teachers' feedback practices was gathered. A category system was developed based on the literature and empirical data. A total of 1465 teacher-student interactions of 32 teachers who practiced active learning in the domain of environmental studies in the sixth, seventh or eighth grade of 13 Dutch primary schools were videotaped and assessed using this system. Results showed that about half of the teacher-student interactions contained feedback. This feedback was usually focused on the tasks that were being performed by the students and on the ways in which these tasks were processed. Only 5% of the feedback was explicitly related to a learning goal. In their feedback, the teachers were directing (rather than facilitating) the learning processes. During active learning, however, feedback on meta-cognition and social learning is important. Feedback should be explicitly related to learning goals. In practice, these kinds of feedback appear to be scarce. In the second study, the problems these 32 primary school teachers perceive and the beliefs they hold regarding the provision of feedback were investigated. A writing task and an interview were conducted. It appeared that teachers believed that conditional teacher skills, especially time management, hindered them most from giving good feedback. The most widely held belief was that 'feedback should be positive'. Teachers also believed that it is important to adopt a facilitative way of giving feedback, but they found this difficult to implement. Only some teachers believed goal-directedness and a focus on student meta-cognition were important during active learning and teachers did not perceive problems regarding these aspects. In the third study, a professional development program (PDP) was developed, implemented and evaluated. The goals and content of the PDP were based on a review of the literature regarding feedback and active learning and on the results of the preceding studies. The design of the PDP was based on the extant literature regarding the features which are considered to be important for PDPs, including structural features, goal setting and characteristics of the professional development activities that are part of the program. Effects of this PDP on 16 primary schoolteachers' knowledge, beliefs, perceived problems and classroom behavior were examined via observations, a writing task and a questionnaire prior and twice after the program was implemented. Results showed that several aspects of feedback during active learning were improved, both in the short and in the long term. For example, teachers learned to believe that feedback must be goal-directed and that learning goals need to be communicated to students. In the classrooms, teachers related their feedback more often explicitly to the learning goals. In the fourth study, the extent to which teachers attributed the success of the PDP to each of the purposefully implemented features of the PDP was examined. The 16 teachers that participated in the PDP completed a questionnaire and four focus group interviews were conducted. Results indicated that teachers value most features quite highly; all features contributed to teachers' professional development according to the teachers themselves. The qualitative data was used to illustrate and specify the theoretical knowledge regarding the features that appeared to be effective in PDP's. Finally, in the fifth study, the learning process of two of the participating teachers was described in detail. Written reflections, as well as videotaped reflections during the video interaction training meetings were analyzed and related to the effects of the PDP on both teachers' knowledge, beliefs, perceived problems and classroom behavior during te course of the PDP. By relating the learning processes of these two teachers to the literature regarding professional development, we aimed for a rich understanding of the impact of the PDP on teachers' professional development.

To Flip or not to Flip

Docenten van Fontys Hogeschool Bedrijfsmanagement, Educatie en Techniek (BEnT) hebben geëxperimenteerd (Gorissen, 2014) met Flipping the Classroom in relatie tot de taxonomie van Bloom. Bij dit concept worden lage kennisniveaus uit deze taxonomie voor de les aangesproken en in de les worden hogere kennisniveaus aangesproken. Bij het herontwerp van hun lessen zijn docenten ondersteund door workshops, gegeven door Fontys Educatief Centrum (FEC). Het onderzoek geeft inzicht in de ervaringen van docenten als ze Flipping the Classroom toepassen en dient als input voor FEC zodat toekomstige workshops nog beter aansluiten bij behoeften van docenten. De hoofdvraag is: Wat zijn ervaringen van docenten en studenten van een HBO-instelling met het toepassen van de taxonomie van Bloom in relatie tot Flipping the Classroom? Hiervoor zijn drie deelonderzoeken uitgevoerd, te weten een kwalitatieve analyse van de lesvoorbereidingen en individuele interviews met docenten en een kwantitatief onderzoek onder studenten over de door hun gevolgde lessen via dit concept. Resultaten laten zien dat docenten het concept correct toepassen en ze hiervoor activerende werkvormen en ICT tools inzetten. Docenten zijn enthousiast over de toepassing ondanks dat herontwerp tijdrovend is. Studenten kenden het concept vooraf niet maar hérkenden het wel, zowel voorafgaand als in de les. Vanwege de lage respons onder studenten kan alleen een voorzichtige conclusie getrokken worden dat het concept bijdraagt aan betere verwerking van de leerstof en dat het vaker toegepast mag worden. De belangrijkste aanbevelingen zijn gericht op kennisdeling tussen docenten die dit concept (willen gaan) toepassen in het onderwijs en nader onderzoek naar de invloed op de leerprestaties van de studenten.

Onderzoeksgerelateerde leerdoelen in de curricula van de hogeschool van Amsterdam

Vanwege de snel veranderde maatschappij is het van belang dat recent afgestudeerde professionals innovatief kunnen denken en handelen in hun toekomstige beroep. Deze vaardigheden worden in het hoger beroepsonderwijs vaak verbonden aan onderzoeksvaardigheden. De aanwezigheid van onderzoeksleerdoelen in het curriculum kan inzicht bieden in de mogelijkheden voor studenten om onderzoeksvaardigheden te ontwikkelen. Dit onderzoek brengt de leerdoelen op onderzoeksvaardigheden in kaart van alle bacheloropleidingen in één Nederlandse hogeschool, zoals beschreven in onderwijsgidsen en studiehandleidingen. De voorlopige resultaten laten zien dat studenten wel de mogelijkheid krijgen om onderzoeksmethoden te leren, maar dat voor het aanleren van nieuwsgierigheid minder aandacht is. Tijdens de Onderwijs Research Dagen worden de resultaten van alle 70 opleidingen gepresenteerd.

Onderzoeksleerdoelen in bachelorcurricula

Onderzoeksvaardigheid is in de afgelopen decennia steeds belangrijker geworden in het hoger beroepsonderwijs, maar onduidelijk blijft waar bacheloropleidingen zich precies op richten. Om hier scherper zicht op te krijgen zijn de leerdoelen gerelateerd aan onderzoek in kaart gebracht bij de bacheloropleidingen van de Hogeschool van Amsterdam. Op basis van een kwalitatieve analyse middels de methode van Verburgh, Schouteden en Elen (2012) van studiegidsteksten en studiehandleidingen laten de voorlopige resultaten zien dat onderzoeksgerelateerde leerdoelen een andere vorm en inhoud hebben in verschillende disciplines. Ook zijn de verschillen tussen faculteiten groter dan binnen faculteiten.

Leerdoelen voor ondervoedingsonderwijs Bachelor Verpleegkunde volgens CanMEDS-rollen

(Onder)voedingszorg is essentiële verpleegkundige zorg. De hbo-verpleegkundige is de verbindende factor tussen de zorgvrager en andere zorgverleners, zoals de diëtist, verzorgende, voedingsassistent, arts, logopedist, mondhygiënist en fysiotherapeut. De Stuurgroep Ondervoeding heeft in januari 2019 onderzoek gedaan op vier hbo-verpleegkunde opleidingen naar de attitude van hbo-verpleegkunde docenten en opleidingsmanagers, ten aanzien van ondervoedingsonderwijs.