Inland surface water systems are characterized by constant variations in time and space. The increased pressure, of natural or anthropic origin, as a consequence of climate change, population growth and urban development accentuate these changes. Effective water management is key to achieve European waterquality and ecological goals. This is only possible with accurate and extensive knowledge of water systems.The collection of data using platforms such as underwater, water surface or aerial drones is gradually becoming more common and appraised. However, these are not yet standard practice in watermanagement. This work addresses the receptivity of water managers in the Netherlands towards underwater drone technology:· Listing and testing of suitable applications;· Comparison between data requirements of water managers (e.g. legislation) and data thatunderwater drones can provide;· Identification of features should R&D projects focus to increase the interest of the water sector.
When addressing urban heat problems, climate- conscious urban design has been assuming that urban water bodies such as canals, ditches or ponds cool down their surroundings. Recent research shows that this is not necessarily the case and that urban water bodies may actually have a warming e ect, particularly during late summer season nights. There are however indications that water can have a cooling potential if brought together with the right shading, evaporation and ventilation strategies. Yet, it is not clear how this should be achieved. Knowledge on such spatial configurations should thus be developed and made available to design practice. This challenge is directly addressed by the “REALCOOL” project, a research aiming to define design prototypes showing the physical processes behind the e ective cooling potential of urban water bodies, that design professionals can take as conceptual design frameworks.
This CIENS-report sums up the main findings from the project “Cultural heritage and water management in urban planning” (Urban WATCH), financed by the Research Council of Norway through the MILJØ2015 programme, and cofunded by the Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Norway (Riksantikvaren) and the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU). The project started up in 2012 and ended in 2015.
Worldwide, coral reefs are rapidly declining due to increased sea water temperatures and other environmental stresses (Figure 1). To counter the extinction of major coral reef building species on the island of Bonaire, the non-profit organization Reef Renewal Foundation Bonaire is restoring degraded reef sites using corals that are grown in local nurseries. In these nurseries, corals are propagated on artificial trees using fragmentation. After 6-8 months of growth in the nursery, the corals are transplanted to degraded reef sites around the island. Over the years more than 21.000 corals have been outplanted to reef restoration sites in this way. These corals show high survivorship under natural reef conditions but remain under threat by environmental disturbances, such as increased water temperatures, diseases, and competition with macroalgae. A promising intervention to increase reef persistence and resilience is to manipulate the coral-associated microbiome. At present, the composition of the microbiome in nursery-reared and outplanted corals on Bonaire is unknown. The aim of the current project is to identify and isolate naturally occurring beneficial bacteria that may stimulate the resilience of these corals. Our key objectives are: 1) to assess the presence of functionally beneficial bacteria in corals in nursery and restoration sites on Bonaire using metagenomic screening. 2) to design culture strategies to isolate these functionally beneficial bacteria. In the future, a selection of these beneficial bacteria can be applied to the corals to increase their resilience against environmental disturbances.
Dit voorstel betreft een onderzoek naar de toepassingsmogelijkheden van een nieuw biocomposiet in het circulaire bouwproces. Met behulp van innovatieve digitale ontwerp- en productietechnieken wordt onderzocht hoe en waar het biocomposiet, zowel functioneel als esthetisch, hoogwaardig toegepast kan worden in de bouw, met het circulaire paviljoen ‘Waterfront’ als testcase. Het onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd door het onderzoeksprogramma Urban Technology van de Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Studio Samira Boon en NEXT architects. De rijksoverheid heeft als doelstelling dat niet alleen alle nieuwbouwwoningen per 2020 energieneutraal gebouwd moeten worden, maar ook dat per 2050 alle bouw in Nederland circulair moet zijn. In de “Transitieagenda circulaire bouweconomie 2018” is de strategie hiervoor opgesteld. Het bouwproject ‘Paviljoen Waterfront’ is een test op basis van de ambities die de rijksoverheid heeft voor Nederland in 2023: energie neutraal EN circulair. Het door de HvA ontwikkelde circulaire biocomposiet lijkt een uitermate geschikt materiaal voor architectonische toepassingen binnen de circulaire bouw. Het is echter een halffabrikaat, zacht als vilt op rol (plaat), en door de unieke eigenschappen ook met digitale nabewerkingstechieken te bewerken. Origamitechnieken kunnen middels patronen van zachte buiglijnen en harde vlakken belangrijke eigenschappen, o.a. draagkracht, flexibiliteit en akoestiek, toevoegen aan een vlak materiaal. Daarom lijkt een combinatie van dit biocomposiet, origami techniek en digitale productie een ultieme combinatie. Studio Samira Boon heeft jarenlange ervaring in het gebruik van origamitechnieken voor textiele 3D constructie en heeft de vraag of deze techniek ook op circulair biocomposiet kan worden toegepast. Next Architects ziet een kans om vernieuwende circulaire bouwconcepten met biocomposiet te ontwerpen, als dit materiaal eenvoudig en flexibel kan worden toegepast. Door dit onderzoek beogen betrokken partijen kennis te verwerven zodat dit materiaal kan worden verwerkt tot visueel aantrekkelijke 3D producten ten behoeve van klimaatbeheersing, akoestiek en flexibel ruimtegebruik in de circulaire bouweconomie.
Restoring rivers with an integrated approach that combines water safety, nature development and gravel mining remains a challenge. Also for the Grensmaas, the most southern trajectory of the Dutch main river Maas, that crosses the border with Belgium in the south of Limburg. The first plans (“Plan Ooievaar”) were already developed in the 1980s and were highly innovative and controversial, as they were based on the idea of using nature-based solutions combined with social-economic development. Severe floodings in 1993 and 1995 came as a shock and accelerated the process to implement the associated measures. To address the multifunctionality of the river, the Grensmaas consortium was set up by public and private parties (the largest public-private partnership ever formed in the Netherlands) to have an effective, scalable and socially accepted project. However, despite the shared long term vision and the further development of plans during the process it was hard to satisfy all the goals in the long run. While stakeholders agreed on the long-term goal, the path towards that goal remains disputed and depends on the perceived status quo and urgency of the problem. Moreover, internal and external pressures and disturbances like climate change or the economic crisis influenced perception and economic conditions of stakeholders differently. In this research we will identify relevant system-processes connected to the implementation of nature-based solutions through the lens of social-ecological resilience. This knowledge will be used to co-create management plans that effectively improve the long-term resilience of the Dutch main water systems.