Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) refers to a specific type of software used by companies to manage day-to-day business activities, including but not limited to accounting, procurement, project management, compliance and risk management, and supply chain operations. This chapter presents a literature review on the different perspectives and applications of ERP systems in the industrial sector in the last 20 years. As a result, most of the documented cases are related to the implementation of System Application and Product (SAP) and its different modules. A case study of the performance of CONTPAQi software in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) that relies on the ABC tool for inventory control is included.