Internationalisation is the expansion of a firms operations to foreign markets and includes not only import and export but also foreign direct investments and international cooperation. Today’s globalising economy has resulted in a growing number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) undertaking international activities. Internationalisation has been shown to be very beneficial for firms. Cross-border activities are an important means through which SMEs are able to create value, generate growth and access new knowledge and technologies. A strong relation has also been found between innovation and internationalisation: innovation may both be necessary to enter foreign markets as well as be a consequence of a firm’s foreign market activities. In addition to value creation at the firmlevel, crossborder entrepreneurship is assumed to create wealth at an economy wide level. With so many evident benefits to internationalisation, why don’t more SMEs internationalise? In her inaugural lecture Anne van Delft will illustrate the importance of “cooperation within networks” in international business. In today’s “network economy” it is important for firms to leverage their networks. Managing the interplay between networks and knowledge will be one of the key challenges for the 21st century. Cooperation with other firms is especially important for SMEs because it allows firms to utilise their limited resources in the most efficient way. Some of the sectors in the Rotterdam region are world leaders but nevertheless their main competitor might soon come from an emerging market rather than form within the regional cluster. The benefits of cooperation and knowledge sharing should therefore be exploited fully by SMEs in the Rotterdam region as global competition increases.
LINK
Abstract Business Process Management (BPM) is an important discipline for organizations to manage their business processes. Research shows that higher BPM-maturity leads to better process performance. However, contextual factors such as culture seem to influence this relationship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of national culture on the relationship between BPM-maturity and process performance. A multiple linear regression analysis is performed based on data from six different countries within Europe. Although the results show a significant relationship between BPM-maturity and process performance, no significant moderation effect of national culture has been found. The cultural dimension long term orientation shows a weak negative correlation with both BPM-maturity and process performance. Through a post-hoc moderation analysis on each dimension of BPM-maturity, we further find that long term orientation negatively moderates the relationship between process improvement and process performance. Three other moderation effects are also discovered. The results of this study contribute to insights into the role of culture in the field of BPM.
MULTIFILE
Internationalizing curricula. Needs and wishes of alumni and employers with regard to international competencies. Internationalization has become of great importance for universities acrossthe globe. The labour market is becoming international, with internationalopportunities and international competition. Emerging markets such as India, China and Russia are gaining economic power. Global challenges demand world-wide solutions. Production and marketing networks span the globe and various forms of migration have resulted in a large cultural diversity within nations. As a result, societies and labour markets are changing as well. In order to deal with these societal changes adequately and to succeed in today’s labour market, graduates need to be equipped with international competencies. In a survey among 500 chief executives, ICM Research (on behalf of Think Global and The British Council, 2011) showed that employers strongly value staff members who are able to work in an international and multicultural environment. Similar results were found in Diamond et al. (2011), in which ‘multicultural teamwork’ was considered most important. The Hague University of Applied Sciences seeks to prepare its students adequately for the world of tomorrow. The University’s development plans (e.g. HogeschoolOntwikkelingsPlan, HOP 7, 2009-2013 and HOP 8, 2014-2017) indicate that its vision is to train students to be globally-minded professionals with an international and multicultural perspective, who are world-citizens, interested in global issues and able to deal with diversity in a constructive manner. They are to be professionals, who possess the competencies to function well in an international and intercultural environment. Internationalization is therefore high on the agenda of The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS) which is illustrated by the fact that, as of 2014, new students in all academies have to fill 12.5% (30 ECTS) of their four-year Bachelor program with international activities. These activities can range from an internship or semester abroad (student mobility) to participating in full programs of study or minors in which English is the medium of instruction, or an internationally themed minor (Internationalization at Home, IaH). And this is only the beginning. Internationalization is a means, not an end. All THUAS courses are looking into ways in which they can internationalize their curriculum. And in doing so, they need to be innovative (Leask, 2009) and keep in mind the specific needs and wishes of alumni and their employers with regard to international competences. The THUAS research group International Cooperation supports these internationalization policy objectives by investigating various aspects, such as: • The acquisition and development of international competencies among students. • The extent to which lecturers possess international competencies and what their needs and wishes are for further development. • The international competencies THUAS graduates have acquired as part of their degree and how THUAS has stimulated this development. • The international competencies that employers and alumni consider important. Although international competencies and employability have received growing attention in internationalization research, existing studies have mainly focused on: • The effects of study abroad on the development of international competence (cf. Hoven & Walenkamp, 2013). • The effects of an experience abroad (study, internship, voluntary work) on employability. • A more general analysis of the skills employers look for in prospective employees.
Client: Foundation Innovation Alliance (SIA - Stichting Innovatie Alliantie) with funding from the ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) Funder: RAAK (Regional Attention and Action for Knowledge circulation) The RAAK scheme is managed by the Foundation Innovation Alliance (SIA - Stichting Innovatie Alliantie) with funding from the ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW). Early 2013 the Centre for Sustainable Tourism and Transport started work on the RAAK-MKB project ‘Carbon management for tour operators’ (CARMATOP). Besides NHTV, eleven Dutch SME tour operators, ANVR, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Climate Neutral Group and ECEAT initially joined this 2-year project. The consortium was later extended with IT-partner iBuildings and five more tour operators. The project goal of CARMATOP was to develop and test new knowledge about the measurement of tour package carbon footprints and translate this into a simple application which allows tour operators to integrate carbon management into their daily operations. By doing this Dutch tour operators are international frontrunners.Why address the carbon footprint of tour packages?Global tourism contribution to man-made CO2 emissions is around 5%, and all scenarios point towards rapid growth of tourism emissions, whereas a reverse development is required in order to prevent climate change exceeding ‘acceptable’ boundaries. Tour packages have a high long-haul and aviation content, and the increase of this type of travel is a major factor in tourism emission growth. Dutch tour operators recognise their responsibility, and feel the need to engage in carbon management.What is Carbon management?Carbon management is the strategic management of emissions in one’s business. This is becoming more important for businesses, also in tourism, because of several economical, societal and political developments. For tour operators some of the most important factors asking for action are increasing energy costs, international aviation policy, pressure from society to become greener, increasing demand for green trips, and the wish to obtain a green image and become a frontrunner among consumers and colleagues in doing so.NetworkProject management was in the hands of the Centre for Sustainable Tourism and Transport (CSTT) of NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences. CSTT has 10 years’ experience in measuring tourism emissions and developing strategies to mitigate emissions, and enjoys an international reputation in this field. The ICT Associate Professorship of HZ University of Applied Sciences has longstanding expertise in linking varying databases of different organisations. Its key role in CARMATOP was to create the semantic wiki for the carbon calculator, which links touroperator input with all necessary databases on carbon emissions. Web developer ibuildings created the Graphical User Interface; the front end of the semantic wiki. ANVR, the Dutch Association of Travel Agents and Tour operators, represents 180 tour operators and 1500 retail agencies in the Netherlands, and requires all its members to meet a minimum of sustainable practices through a number of criteria. ANVR’s role was in dissemination, networking and ensuring CARMATOP products will last. Climate Neutral Group’s experience with sustainable entrepreneurship and knowledge about carbon footprint (mitigation), and ECEAT’s broad sustainable tourism network, provided further essential inputs for CARMATOP. Finally, most of the eleven tour operators are sustainable tourism frontrunners in the Netherlands, and are the driving forces behind this project.
Verbeterprogramma’s, zoals Lean en Six Sigma, worden veelal succesvol ingezet om bedrijfsprocessen te verbeteren en verspillingen te elimineren. Succesverhalen tonen aan dat verbeterprogramma’s kunnen leiden tot betere resultaten voor people, planet en profit. Naarmate de bedrijfsvoering globaliseert wordt het echter moeilijker voor bedrijven om met een uniforme toepassing van verbeterprogramma’s in verschillende landen dezelfde successen te behalen. Volgens de theorie zijn cultuurverschillen een oorzaak van dit probleem. Onderzoek naar succes- en faalfactoren van verbeterprogramma’s binnen een cultuur of land heeft bijvoorbeeld aangetoond dat leiderschap en organisatiecultuur van grote invloed zijn op het succes van verbeterprogramma’s. Juist leiderschap en organisatiecultuur zijn gevoelig voor cultuurverschillen en kunnen, zonder rekening te houden met de context, niet automatisch worden ingezet als succesfactoren bij uniforme toepassing van verbeterprogramma’s door internationale bedrijven. Van meerdere geïdentificeerde succesfactoren is onbekend of ze ook succesvol zijn in andere culturen. De onderzoeksvraag is afgeleid van wetenschappelijke én praktijkbevindingen en is geformuleerd als: Wat is de invloed van cultuurverschillen op factoren die zorgen voor succesvolle toepassing van verbeterprogramma's in organisaties in een internationale context? Meerdere organisaties, waaronder Heineken Business Process Management Office, hebben aangegeven te willen participeren in een praktijkgericht onderzoek dat de betekenis van cultuurverschillen voor uniforme toepassing van verbeterprogramma’s inzichtelijk maakt. Het onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd door Alinda Kokkinou, docent van de opleiding International Business, academie Avans School of International Studies (ASIS) en onderzoeker verbonden aan het lectoraat Improving Business, onderdeel van het Expertisecentrum Sustainable Business (ESB). Het onderzoek is vanwege de internationale dimensie verdiepend voor het lectoraat. Het verrijkt het onderwijs door beter inzicht te geven in de internationale competenties die studenten in hun toekomstige loopbaan nodig zullen hebben. Het voorziet in de behoefte van meerdere opleidingen binnen Avans (o.a. Bedrijfseconomie, Bedrijfskunde, en Technische Bedrijfskunde), die bezig zijn met curriculum vernieuwing en waarin continu verbeteren en internationalisering centraal staan.
Bedrijven worden geconfronteerd met ontwikkelingen in de mondiale economie die sneller, complexer en onzekerder zijn dan vroeger en een grote impact hebben. Veel ontwikkelingen worden gedreven door Smart Industry: de verregaande digitalisering en verweving van apparaten, productiemiddelen en organisaties. Smart Industry biedt bedrijven in de maakindustrie kansen om producten, processen en business modellen drastisch te vernieuwen en daarmee hun concurrentiepositie te versterken. Middelgrote bedrijven missen echter tijd, capaciteit en kennis om meer radicale innovaties te onderzoeken en in actie om te zetten. Een groep van zes vooraanstaande bedrijven in (b2b-)maakindustrie in de Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag wil daarom gebruik maken van de kennis en faciliteiten die bij Hogeschool Rotterdam en Hogeschool InHolland beschikbaar zijn. In dit RAAK-project gaan de ondernemers samen met onderzoekers, docenten en studenten onderzoeken hoe de ondernemers hun innovatievermogen kunnen verbeteren om radicale innovatie-ideeën in het kader van Smart Industry te identificeren, te ontwikkelen en te vermarkten. Beide hogescholen zetten hiertoe een breed pallet van innovatiemodellen en -technieken in waarmee de studenten en vakdocenten de mkb-deelnemers zullen uitdagen en ondersteunen. Het project levert nieuwe kennis en inzichten op over het gebruik van deze modellen en technieken in het kader van Smart Industry. Deze kennis zal worden benut om de ‘innovatie- en ondernemerschapskit’ bij de hogescholen te versterken en het onderwijs te verbeteren.
