Lager opgeleiden vinden niet zonder meer hun weg in de publieke dienstverlening. In de afgelopen jaren is veel geïnvesteerd om dit te verbeteren. Proceselementen zoals brieven, online omgevingen en gesprekstechnieken zijn aangepast en verbeterd. Toch is de samenwerking tussen lager opgeleide cliënten en professionals nog lang niet optimaal. Onderzoek naar de oorzaak hiervan wijst op het bestaan van drie cruciale factoren die in samenspel met de proceselementen een effectieve samenwerking tussen cliënten en professionals onder druk zetten. Deze drie factoren zijn samengevoegd in drie pijlers. Dit zijn: begrijpen, willen en kunnen. Begrijpen we de ander, willen en kunnen we hem écht helpen? Deze pijlers komen uitgebreid aan bod in de animatie behorend bij stap 1. Voorliggend assessment is bedoeld om na te gaan wat jouw ervaringen zijn in de samenwerking met lager opgeleiden als het gaat om het begrijpen van de ander en het willen en kunnen helpen van de ander. Dit assessment wil jou ondersteunen bij het onderzoeken van de mogelijkheden om de hulp- en dienstverlening aan lager opgeleiden te verbeteren.
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The security of online assessments is a major concern due to widespread cheating. One common form of cheating is impersonation, where students invite unauthorized persons to take assessments on their behalf. Several techniques exist to handle impersonation. Some researchers recommend use of integrity policy, but communicating the policy effectively to the students is a challenge. Others propose authentication methods like, password and fingerprint; they offer initial authentication but are vulnerable thereafter. Face recognition offers post-login authentication but necessitates additional hardware. Keystroke Dynamics (KD) has been used to provide post-login authentication without any additional hardware, but its use is limited to subjective assessment. In this work, we address impersonation in assessments with Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). Our approach combines two key strategies: reinforcement of integrity policy for prevention, and keystroke-based random authentication for detection of impersonation. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to use keystroke dynamics for post-login authentication in the context of MCQ. We improve an online quiz tool for the data collection suited to our needs and use feature engineering to address the challenge of high-dimensional keystroke datasets. Using machine learning classifiers, we identify the best-performing model for authenticating the students. The results indicate that the highest accuracy (83%) is achieved by the Isolation Forest classifier. Furthermore, to validate the results, the approach is applied to Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) benchmark dataset, thereby achieving an improved accuracy of 94%. Though we also used mouse dynamics for authentication, but its subpar performance leads us to not consider it for our approach.
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The recent advancement in the field of information technology has resulted in the proliferation of online education all over the world. Much like traditional classroom education, assessments are an integral component of online education. During the online assessment, evaluation of the learning outcomes presents challenges mainly due to academic dishonesty among students. It results in unfair evaluations that raises questions about the credibility of online assessments. There exist several types of dishonesty in online assessments including exploiting the available Internet for finding solutions (Internet-as-a-Forbidden-Aid), illicit collaboration among students (Collusion) and third-party persons taking assessment on behalf of the genuine student (Impersonation). Several researchers have proposed solutions for addressing dishonesty in online assessments. These solutions include strategies for designing assessments that are resistant to cheating, implementing proctoring and formulating integrity policies. While these methods can be effective, their implementation is often resource-intensive and laborious, posing challenges. Other studies propose the use of Machine Learning (ML) for automated dishonesty detection. However, these approaches often lack clarity in selecting appropriate features and classifiers, impacting the quality of results. The lack of training data further leads to poorly tuned models. There is a need to develop robust ML models to detect different types of dishonesty in online assessments. In this thesis, we focus on Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)-based assessments. We consider three types of dishonesty: (1) Internet-as-a-Forbidden-Aid, (2) Collusion, and (3) Impersonation prevalent in MCQ-based assessments. We developed individual ML models to detect students involved in each type of dishonesty during the assessment. The results also facilitate understanding the test-taking pattern of students and providing recommendations for cheat-proof assessment design. Finally, we present an Academic Dishonesty Mitigation Plan (ADMP) that addresses the diverse forms of academic dishonesty and provides integrity solutions for mitigating dishonesty in online assessments.
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Formative assessment (FA) is an effective educational approach for optimising student learning and is considered as a promising avenue for assessment within physical education (PE). Nevertheless, implementing FA is a complex and demanding task for in-service PE teachers who often lack formal training on this topic. To better support PE teachers in implementing FA into their practice, we need better insight into teachers’ experiences while designing and implementing formative strategies. However, knowledge on this topic is limited, especially within PE. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of 15 PE teachers who participated in an 18-month professional development programme. Teachers designed and implemented various formative activities within their PE lessons, while experiences were investigated through logbook entries and focus groups. Findings indicated various positive experiences, such as increased transparency in learning outcomes and success criteria for students as well as increased student involvement, but also revealed complexities, such as shifting teacher roles and insufficient feedback literacy among students. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the importance of a sustained, collaborative, and supported approach to implementing FA.
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Dit document is geschreven voor docenten die stagiairs begeleiden en ter ondersteuning daarvan de Stage-App gaan gebruiken. Het doel is om praktische tips en inzichten te geven voor het (deels) online begeleiden van stagiairs. Deze handreiking bestaat uit drie onderdelen: 1) Wat is bekend over goede (online) stagebegeleiding? 2) Hoe werkt de Stage-App? 3) Hoe gebruik je de Stage-App in het stagebegeleidingsproces? Dit rapport hoort bij https://www.hu.nl/onderzoek/projecten/online-stagebegeleiding
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Het keuzediagram (online) leerpraktijken is een instrument dat je kunt inzetten bij het ontwerpen en uitvoeren van (online) activerend onderwijs. Het instrument helpt bij het vinden van antwoorden op vragen zoals: − Welke leeractiviteiten kan ik bij studenten in gang zetten om een bepaald leerdoel te bereiken? − Is er een optimale volgorde van leeractiviteiten? − Hoe zorg ik ervoor dat studenten actief betrokken raken bij hun eigen leerproces?
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MOOC’s (Massive Open Online Courses) zijn een opkomend fenomeen. In deze whitepaper wordt gekeken naar de mogelijkheid voor inpassing van MOOC’s in het huidig onderwijs. Wat zijn de voor- en nadelen van de online cursussen? Welke kansen biedt het?
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In March 2020 schools in The Netherlands closed to contain the spread of Covid-19 virus. Shortly after, schools took to online education. The condensed setting of the Covid-19 situation provided a background to study which learning activities and tools teachers choose in online education and how they use them to promote interaction. Interaction is quintessential to learning but in online education it is not easy to provide room for interaction. Our central research question therefore is how interaction within online education activities change over time. An online longitudinal survey amongst teachers was conducted. The first four rounds took place in the early stages of the lockdowns and shortly after. In total 179 different secondary school teachers participated of whom 16 responded three rounds or more. Most teachers use tools in online education that can facilitate more interaction than necessary for the Instructional Design. This means that improving interaction in online education is more a pedagogical challenge than a technical one. It was also found that teachers who deploy Instructional Designs that require more interaction use more and different tools. However, only few of these tools seem to facilitate the interactive quality the teachers pursued. Over time we saw the interactive quality of Instructional Design and tools converge. We are in awe of the artful way in which some teachers manage to combine the possibilities of different tools to establish high interactive quality in the online learning processes they conduct.
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Deze review van de literatuur richt zich in het bijzonder op de sociale dynamiek rondom geweld in de publieke ruimte. In gevallen waarin de online dynamiek het gebruik van geweld oproept of stimuleert spreken we van ‘online aanjaging’. Hoe kunnen netwerkpartners die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de openbare orde en veiligheid zich in deze online dynamiek mengen, en welke gevolgen heeft de online aanwezigheid van deze netwerkpartners? Gemeenten werken in deze vraagstukken samen aan een integrale aanpak in een netwerk van partners zoals politie en jongerenwerk, maar ook scholen en reclassering. Om het raakvlak met het werkveld voldoende te borgen is de review aangevuld met een stakeholdersbijeenkomst van AcVZ met netwerkpartners, waarnaar we op relevante plaatsen in dit rapport verwijzen. Deze vond plaats voordat de review is uitgevoerd.
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This study utilises a quantitative observation study on student journalists (n=47), as well as reconstruction interviews with experienced editors and reporters in newsrooms (n=12), to understand how Dutch journalists search, select, and verify sources online. Through the recording of screen activity, we show that search strategies are heavily influenced by how the search engine sorts and ranks potential sources. Eventual selection of sources remains relatively traditional, focused on legacy media and their websites. Moreover, online news production clearly challenges the verification process. Results suggest that journalists use no explicit but only so-called hybrid methods of verifications, such as background checks of websites and social media accounts, and cross-checking of sources.
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