The circular economy (CE) is heralded as reducing material use and emissions while providing more jobs and growth. We explored this narrative in a series of expert workshops, basing ourselves on theories, methods and findings from science fields such as global environmental input-output analysis, business modelling, industrial organisation, innovation sciences and transition studies. Our findings indicate that this dominant narrative suffers from at least three inconvenient truths. First, CE can lead to loss of GDP. Each doubling of product lifetimes will halve the related industrial production, while the required design changes may cost little. Second, the same mechanism can create losses of production jobs. This may not be compensated by extra maintenance, repair or refurbishing activities. Finally, ‘Product-as-a-Service’ business models supported by platform technologies are crucial for a CE transition. But by transforming consumers from owners to users, they lose independence and do not share in any value enhancement of assets (e.g., houses). As shown by Uber and AirBNB, platforms tend to concentrate power and value with providers, dramatically affecting the distribution of wealth. The real win-win potential of circularity is that the same societal welfare may be achieved with less production and fewer working hours, resulting in more leisure time. But it is perfectly possible that powerful platform providers capture most added value and channel that to their elite owners, at the expense of the purchasing power of ordinary people working fewer hours. Similar undesirable distributional effects may occur at the global scale: the service economies in the Global North may benefit from the additional repair and refurbishment activities, while economies in the Global South that are more oriented towards primary production will see these activities shrink. It is essential that CE research comes to grips with such effects. Furthermore, governance approaches mitigating unfair distribution of power and value are hence essential for a successful circularity transition.
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Over the last years, it has become clear that societies need to increase the adoptionrate of circular economy principles. Even though the number of circular products, services andbuilding projects is increasing, innovators obviously experience obstacles in their quest towardsa more circular economy. Moreover, relatively many governmental organisations still seem tostruggle how to effectively stimulate a circular economy. Governments face the challenge todevelop a playground in which a linear economy gradually is replaced by circular practices. Thispaper presents the case of the Dutch province of Overijssel. The key question Overijssel putforward is what the province can do to stimulate innovative practices specifically in the buildingsector. After a literature study, a research collective brought together highly successful and lesssuccessful local and regional examples of circularity. Document study, website analyses andinterviews, provided insights on the drivers and barriers. Our analysis shows what actions theprovince needs to take to further stimulate or at least to maintain the drivers and what to do aboutthe barriers. Our findings are relevant not only to the province of Overijssel, but also to otherregions in Europe.
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This paper presents challenges in city logistics for circular supply chains of e-e-waste. Efficient e-waste management is one of the strategies to save materials, critical minerals, and precious metals. E-waste collection and recycling have gained attention recently due to lower collection and recycling rates. However, implementing circular urban supply chains is a significant economic transformation that can only work if coordination decisions are solved between the actors involved. On the one hand, this requires the implementation of efficient urban collection technologies, where waste collection companies collaborate with manufacturers, urban waste treatment specialists, and city logistics service providers supported by digital solutions for visibility and planning. On the other hand, it also requires implementing urban and regional ecosystems connected by innovative CO2-neutral circular city logistics systems. These systems must smoothly and sustainably manage the urban and regional flow of resources and data, often at a large scale and with interfaces between industrial processes, private, and public actors. This paper presents future research questions from a city logistics perspective based on a European project aimed at developing a blueprint for systemic solutions for the circularity of plastics from applications of rigid PU foams used as insulation material in refrigerators.
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Microbes like bacteria and fungi can grow on almost everything, including e.g. on a music CD made of aluminum and polycarbonate. How? By producing an optimal mixture of effective enzymes that degrade the material on which the microbes thrive. In this project we want to find and characterize microbes that have the ability to digest one of the most commercially successful but at the same time hard-to-degrade materials: furan-based bio-composite resin. To help the microbes to degrade this recalcitrant material, we first must open up the complex resin structure by using (mild) acidification, grinding, and/or UV light. Thus, with this project we aim to find an effective and sustainable way to safely and effectively dispose and recycle used bio-composite resins. Our findings will help to increase the circularity of bio-composite materials and as such decrease the environmental waste pressure.
“Empowering learners to create a sustainable future” This is the mission of Centre of Expertise Mission-Zero at The Hague University of Applied Sciences (THUAS). The postdoc candidate will expand the existing knowledge on biomimicry, which she teaches and researches, as a strategy to fulfil the mission of Mission-Zero. We know when tackling a design challenge, teams have difficulties sifting through the mass of information they encounter. The candidate aims to recognize the value of systematic biomimicry, leading the way towards the ecosystems services we need tomorrow (Pedersen Zari, 2017). Globally, biomimicry demonstrates strategies contributing to solving global challenges such as Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and human interferences, rethinking how climate and circular challenges are approached. Examples like Eastgate building (Pearce, 2016) have demonstrated successes in the field. While biomimicry offers guidelines and methodology, there is insufficient research on complex problem solving that systems-thinking requires. Our research question: Which factors are needed to help (novice) professionals initiate systems-thinking methods as part of their strategy? A solution should enable them to approach challenges in a systems-thinking manner just like nature does, to regenerate and resume projects. Our focus lies with challenges in two industries with many unsustainable practices and where a sizeable impact is possible: the built environment (Circularity Gap, 2021) and fashion (Joung, 2014). Mission Zero has identified a high demand for Biomimicry in these industries. This critical approach: 1) studies existing biomimetic tools, testing and defining gaps; 2) identifies needs of educators and professionals during and after an inter-disciplinary minor at The Hague University; and, 3) translates findings into shareable best practices through publications of results. Findings will be implemented into tangible engaging tools for educational and professional settings. Knowledge will be inclusive and disseminated to large audiences by focusing on communication through social media and intervention conferences.
Nederland wil in 2050 een circulaire economie zijn. Een economie zonder afval, waarbij alles draait op herbruikbare grondstoffen. Het zuiniger en slimmer omgaan met grondstoffen is ook voor de textielbranche van belang. De meest gebruikte en bekende hernieuwbare plantaardige grondstof voor de textielindustrie is katoen. De huidige niet-circulaire productie en toepassingen van katoen hebben vergaande negatieve impact op mens en milieu. De gebruikersduur van kleding wordt steeds korter en afgedankte kleding wordt laagwaardig verwerkt om uiteindelijk alsnog te worden verbrand. Zowel het economische als duurzame verbeterpotentieel voor circulair textiel is dan ook enorm. De kwaliteit van katoen vermindert met iedere (mechanische) recyclingstap omdat de vezellengte steeds korter wordt. De uitdaging is om meermaals te recycling waarbij in iedere recyclestap waarde wordt behouden en gecreëerd. Als uiteindelijke stap wordt nagestreefd de grondstof veilig terug te laten keren naar de biosfeer als voedingsmiddel waarna een nieuwe cascade kan beginnen: een kringloop in de vorm van regeneratieve cascades. Om dit te realiseren moet de hele keten samenwerken in een transparant systeem waarbij stakeholders meervoudige waarde in balans ontwikkelen, zodat geen partij in de keten wordt benadeeld. Organisaties worstelen met deze veranderende rollen en zoeken nieuwe bedrijfsmodellen, waarin herstel en volhoudbaarheid boven oneindige groei en uitputting staan. In dit project werken Nederlandse bedrijven (met name MKB) uit de gehele textielketen samen met Indiase bedrijven om de werking van een katoencascade -een regeneratief, circulair systeem van katoenzaad tot worteldoek- te onderzoeken en op te tekenen. Een interdisciplinaire benadering is hierbij cruciaal. De nadruk ligt zowel op onderzoek naar de technische haalbaarheid van de katoenvezel als op de ontwikkeling van collaboratieve bedrijfsmodellen. De geformuleerde onderzoeksvraag luidt: Welke collaboratieve bedrijfsmodellen ontstaan tijdens het ontwerponderzoek die geschikt zijn voor meervoudige waardecreatie in een katoencascade en hoe kunnen die bijdragen aan de verdere ontwikkeling van regeneratieve cascadeprincipes?
