BACKGROUND: Hospital stays are associated with high levels of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity. To objectively investigate physical behavior of hospitalized patients, these is a need for valid measurement instruments. The aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of three accelerometers to measure lying, sitting, standing and walking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital. Participants carried out several mobility tasks according to a structured protocol while wearing three accelerometers (ActiGraph GT9X Link, Activ8 Professional and Dynaport MoveMonitor). The participants were guided through the protocol by a test leader and were recorded on video to serve as reference. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were determined for the categories lying, sitting, standing and walking. RESULTS: In total 12 subjects were included with a mean age of 49.5 (SD 21.5) years and a mean body mass index of 23.8 kg/m2 (SD 2.4). The ActiGraph GT9X Link showed an excellent sensitivity (90%) and PPV (98%) for walking, but a poor sensitivity for sitting and standing (57% and 53%), and a poor PPV (43%) for sitting. The Activ8 Professional showed an excellent sensitivity for sitting and walking (95% and 93%), excellent PPV (98%) for walking, but no sensitivity (0%) and PPV (0%) for lying. The Dynaport MoveMonitor showed an excellent sensitivity for sitting (94%), excellent PPV for lying and walking (100% and 99%), but a poor sensitivity (13%) and PPV (19%) for standing. CONCLUSIONS: The validity outcomes for the categories lying, sitting, standing and walking vary between the investigated accelerometers. All three accelerometers scored good to excellent in identifying walking. None of the accelerometers were able to identify all categories validly.
BACKGROUND: Exercise capacity, muscle function, and physical activity levels remain reduced in recipients of lung transplantation. Factors associated with this deficiency in functional exercise capacity have not been studied longitudinally.OBJECTIVE: The study aims were to analyze the longitudinal change in 6-minute walking distance and to identify factors contributing to this change.DESIGN: This was a longitudinal historical cohort study.METHODS: Data from patients who received a lung transplantation between March 2003 and March 2013 were analyzed for the change in 6-minute walking distance and contributing factors at screening, discharge, and 6 and 12 months after transplantation. Linear mixed-model and logistic regression analyses were performed with data on characteristics of patients, diagnosis, waiting list time, length of hospital stay, rejection, lung function, and peripheral muscle strength.RESULTS: Data from 108 recipients were included. Factors predicting 6-minute walking distance were measurement moment, diagnosis, sex, quadriceps muscle and grip strength, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (percentage of predicted), and length of hospital stay. After transplantation, 6-minute walking distance increased considerably. This initial increase was not continued between 6 and 12 months. At 12 months after lung transplantation, 58.3% of recipients did not reach the cutoff point of 82% of the predicted 6-minute walking distance. Logistic regression demonstrated that discharge values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second and quadriceps or grip strength were predictive for reaching this criterion.LIMITATIONS: Study limitations included lack of knowledge on the course of disease during the waiting list period, type and frequency of physical therapy after transplantation, and number of missing data points.CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral muscle strength predicted 6-minute walking distance; this finding suggests that quadriceps strength training should be included in physical training to increase functional exercise capacity. Attention should be paid to further increasing 6-minute walking distance between 6 and 12 months after transplantation.
LINK
April 2015 Sudanese photographer Elsadig Mohamed and I tried to relate the photographs that Paul Julien made when traveling through the country in 1933 and 1948 to stories and realities alive in present day Sudan. This initial research was pretty successful and we thought a first presentation of the work done was in place to see how a Sudanese audience would respond to our attempts. The exhibition was installed in a minimum amount of time. There were hundreds of people (estimates range between 5 and 9 hundred) at the opening. Whether they came for the photographs or for the concert that took place outside of the museum we will never know. People did show an interest in what was on the wall and we will continue towards next presentations both in and outside of Sudan.Walking Between Houses, the title of the Sudanese part of the larger Paul Julien project is titled ‘Walking Between Houses’. This is part of a Sudanese proverb, referring to the in between place as the source of knowledge. The photographs Julien made in Sudan can be found on this Facebook page. A film impression of the exhibition with responses of visitors was made by Rhea Schmitt for the Goethe Institute in Khartoum.
LINK
Every year the police are confronted with an ever increasing number of complex cases involving missing persons. About 100 people are reported missing every year in the Netherlands, of which, an unknown number become victims of crime, and presumed buried in clandestine graves. Similarly, according to NWVA, several dead animals are also often buried illegally in clandestine graves in farm lands, which may result in the spread of diseases that have significant consequences to other animals and humans in general. Forensic investigators from both the national police (NP) and NWVA are often confronted with a dilemma: speed versus carefulness and precision. However, the current forensic investigation process of identifying and localizing clandestine graves are often labor intensive, time consuming and employ classical techniques, such as walking sticks and dogs (Police), which are not effective. Therefore, there is an urgent request from the forensic investigators to develop a new method to detect and localize clandestine graves quickly, efficiently and effectively. In this project, together with practitioners, knowledge institutes, SMEs and Field labs, practical research will be carried out to devise a new forensic investigation process to identify clandestine graves using an autonomous Crime Scene Investigative (CSI) drone. The new work process will exploit the newly adopted EU-wide drone regulation that relaxes a number of previously imposed flight restrictions. Moreover, it will effectively optimize the available drone and perception technologies in order to achieve the desired functionality, performance and operational safety in detecting/localizing clandestine graves autonomously. The proposed method will be demonstrated and validated in practical operational environments. This project will also make a demonstrable contribution to the renewal of higher professional education. The police and NVWA will be equipped with operating procedures, legislative knowledge, skills and technological expertise needed to effectively and efficiently performed their forensic investigations.
Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to work incapacity. Although effective therapeutic options are scarce, exercises supervised by a physiotherapist have shown to be effective. However, the effects found in research studies tend to be small, likely due to the heterogeneous nature of patients' complaints and movement limitations. Personalized treatment is necessary as a 'one-size-fits-all' approach is not sufficient. High-tech solutions consisting of motions sensors supported by artificial intelligence will facilitate physiotherapists to achieve this goal. To date, physiotherapists use questionnaires and physical examinations, which provide subjective results and therefore limited support for treatment decisions. Objective measurement data obtained by motion sensors can help to determine abnormal movement patterns. This information may be crucial in evaluating the prognosis and designing the physiotherapy treatment plan. The proposed study is a small cohort study (n=30) that involves low back pain patients visiting a physiotherapist and performing simple movement tasks such as walking and repeated forward bending. The movements will be recorded using sensors that estimate orientation from accelerations, angular velocities and magnetometer data. Participants complete questionnaires about their pain and functioning before and after treatment. Artificial analysis techniques will be used to link the sensor and questionnaire data to identify clinically relevant subgroups based on movement patterns, and to determine if there are differences in prognosis between these subgroups that serve as a starting point of personalized treatments. This pilot study aims to investigate the potential benefits of using motion sensors to personalize the treatment of low back pain. It serves as a foundation for future research into the use of motion sensors in the treatment of low back pain and other musculoskeletal or neurological movement disorders.
Zwaar verkeer draagt voor ruim 40 % bij aan de Europese wegvervoersemissies. Voor zware voertuigen (trekker-oplegger) over langere afstand is puur elektrische aandrijving nog geen optie. Een interessante mogelijkheid is om de trekker te laten ondersteunen door een elektrische aandrijving op de oplegger waardoor brandstof wordt bespaard, en energie kan worden terug gewonnen bij remmen. Een dergelijk project, E-Trailer, is eerder opgestart door Kraker Trailers waarvoor de HAN is gevraagd om de regelaar te ontwikkelen. Voor een specifieke combinatie van trekker en oplegger is dat technisch haalbaar. Voortschrijdend inzicht in dat project geeft aan dat dit voor een gezonde businesscase niet voldoende is. De noodzakelijke opschaalbaarheid naar willekeurige trekker-oplegger combinaties stelt extra eisen aan de regelaar. Daarnaast biedt het systeem kansen die vooralsnog niet in ontwerp zijn meegenomen, zoals de mogelijkheid om puur elektrisch te rijden zonder dat ingeboet wordt op de actieradius (relevant voor zero-emission zones, wat de combinatie uniek maakt omdat er nog nauwelijks hybride zware voertuigen bestaan), of het ook te gebruiken als aandrijving van een ‘walking floor’, hydraulische pomp, of een koelunit, waardoor de conventionele systemen kunnen worden vermeden, en extra besparing wordt gerealiseerd. Tenslotte biedt de energiewinning bij remmen mogelijkheden om de huidige motorrem (retarder) te beperken of zelfs weg te laten. Het project EVENT onderzoekt de mogelijke uitbreiding van de regelaar cf. bovengenoemde punten, behandelt de nadere tuning van de uitgebreide regelsoftware (in software en vooral via experimenten), en omvat de experimentele validatie ervan om te komen tot een gevalideerde verbeterde regelaar met een gunstiger kosten-baten verhouding. Partners in het project beoordelen de consequenties voor het totale trailerontwerp. De verdere fysieke uitwerking kan plaats vinden in een vervolgtraject.
