AbstractHistorically, epidemics and plagues are repeatedly reported to have happened since the ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Rome and imperial China). Most known examples of a devastating global pandemics in recent history are the ‘Black Death’ (14th century) and the global influenza (1918-1919), also known as ‘Spanish Flu’, that has killed nearly 50 million people in the world. Even thoughpandemics may vary in their dimensions, length (short vs. long), scope (local/regional, national, global) and severity of effects (minimal effects or maximal effects), they all represent distinct exogenous and endogenous shocks that have far reaching effects on population, health, economy and other societal domains.Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has relentlessly spreaded around the world, leaving behind destructive marks on health, populations, economies and societies. The Covid-19 could spread quickly around the globe because of the current structure of the global economy, which is highly interconnected through sophisticated global transport networks. An important characteristic of a suchnetworked complex system is it vulnerability to unattended events of systemic risk such as the Covid-19 pandemic for example. These systemic risks cause substantial cascading effects, which lead to extreme outcomes that could permanently alter economic, environmental, and social systems.In this article, we first, present, discuss and analyze the potential impacts of the Covid-19 on global economy, trade and supply chains, by focusing on Europe and/or the Netherlands. Second, we examine the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the shipping industry and on the hub ports and the policy measures that have been applied by different countries around the world.
from the article: ABSTRACT Independence of design, information and complexity are the basic concepts of Axiomatic Design. These basic concepts have proven to be generic; axiomatic design was successfully applied in many markets and on a broad range of products and services. Information, or entropy, plays a central role in Axiomatic Design. In this paper an attempt is made to organise the different kinds of information, understand them, and evaluate the consequences of the ways they can be applied. A number of six kinds of information are reduced to two most determining kinds of information for the design. Unorganised information is about choosing the right and independent design relations. Axiomatic information is about further optimisation of these design relations. This paper leads to the confirmation that axiom 1 & 2 are in fact corollaries of the complexity axiom that is constituted of the two kinds of information. Though this revises the foundation of Axiomatic Design, the operation and practical application are not much affected for a number of reasons. One of them is that a higher axiom does not alter the basic ideas behind Axiomatic Design; it remains axiomatic.
LINK
Uit cijfers van het CBS zien we dat de vraag naar biologische producten achterblijft. De meerprijs die consumenten moeten neerleggen voor biologische productalternatieven blijkt een belangrijke belemmering te zijn voor de overstap naar biologisch. Hoe kunnen we deze gepercipieerde prijsbarrière bij de consument overkomen?
Wijk- en buurtgericht werken vanuit het perspectief van de burger is een belangrijk uitgangspunt in het sociaal en ruimtelijk domein. Echter, burgerparticipatie is vaak veeleisend en weinig inclusief en eindigen regelmatig in een teleurstelling (Verloo, 2023). Professionals hebben behoefte aan alternatieven om samen te werken met inwoners als gelijkwaardige bron van kennis. Bindkracht10 en het Lectoraat Versterken van Sociale Kwaliteit van de HAN hebben samen hiervoor de ‘Wijkwaardenkaart’ ontwikkeld. Dit is een narratieve gesprekstool voor professionals en wijkbewoners die buurt- of wijkgericht werken. De tool heeft twee onderdelen: de gesprekskaart en de praatplaat. Professionals ervaren dat de praatplaat relatief duur en arbeidsintensief is waardoor de dialoog over de wijkwaarden nauwelijks opgang komt. Deze dialoog is nodig om daadwerkelijk het eigenaarschap van inwoners over hun eigen leefomgeving te vergroten. Daarom willen professionals een digitale tool ontwikkelen die hier meer mogelijkheden toe biedt. Dit doen we samen met sociale professionals van Bindkracht10, woningcorporatie Talis, Frank Los Weer een Los, de wijkraad Venlo-Oost en het Lectoraat Media Design. De centrale vraagstelling is: Hoe kunnen we een digitale tool ontwikkelen voor sociale professionals om inwoners eigenaarschap te laten ervaren over hun eigen leefomgeving? We volgen het ‘design thinking proces’. In het eerste werkpakket verkennen we in een focusgroep de wensen en behoeften voor de digitale tool. We kijken hierbij ook naar toegankelijkheid en inclusie. In het tweede werkpakket werken we in een focusgroep de ontwerpprincipes uit en kiezen we concrete ideeën uit voor het ontwerp. Op basis hiervan wordt een prototype ontwikkeld. In het derde werkpakket testen we dit prototype uit in de Nijmeegse wijk Lindenholt en in Venlo-Oost en evalueren we. Op basis van de evaluatie wordt het prototype aangescherpt. In de laatste fase schrijven we een handreiking en delen we onze kennis en de tool in het netwerk en het onderwijs.
In this proposal, a consortium of knowledge institutes (wo, hbo) and industry aims to carry out the chemical re/upcycling of polyamides and polyurethanes by means of an ammonolysis, a depolymerisation reaction using ammonia (NH3). The products obtained are then purified from impurities and by-products, and in the case of polyurethanes, the amines obtained are reused for resynthesis of the polymer. In the depolymerisation of polyamides, the purified amides are converted to the corresponding amines by (in situ) hydrogenation or a Hofmann rearrangement, thereby forming new sources of amine. Alternatively, the amides are hydrolysed toward the corresponding carboxylic acids and reused in the repolymerisation towards polyamides. The above cycles are particularly suitable for end-of-life plastic streams from sorting installations that are not suitable for mechanical/chemical recycling. Any loss of material is compensated for by synthesis of amines from (mixtures of) end-of-life plastics and biomass (organic waste streams) and from end-of-life polyesters (ammonolysis). The ammonia required for depolymerisation can be synthesised from green hydrogen (Haber-Bosch process).By closing carbon cycles (high carbon efficiency) and supplementing the amines needed for the chain from biomass and end-of-life plastics, a significant CO2 saving is achieved as well as reduction in material input and waste. The research will focus on a number of specific industrially relevant cases/chains and will result in economically, ecologically (including safety) and socially acceptable routes for recycling polyamides and polyurethanes. Commercialisation of the results obtained are foreseen by the companies involved (a.o. Teijin and Covestro). Furthermore, as our project will result in a wide variety of new and drop-in (di)amines from sustainable sources, it will increase the attractiveness to use these sustainable monomers for currently prepared and new polyamides and polyurethanes. Also other market applications (pharma, fine chemicals, coatings, electronics, etc.) are foreseen for the sustainable amines synthesized within our proposition.
